• 1ƣAbsolute advantage
һһλԴijֲƷһҶ࣬ôֲƷһȾ;оơ
2ѡAdverse choice
ڴ״£չ˾ǵĿͻ̫һԸ߷Ⱥ塣
3ѡɱAlternative cost
õһַʽʹõijԴļֵѡɱҲԳ֮Ϊɱ
4Ļԣ Arc elasticity of demand
P1Q1ֱǼ۸ijʼֵP2 Q2 ΪڶֵôԾ͵
-Q1-Q2P1P2/P1-P2Q1Q2
5ǶԳƵϢAsymmetric information
ijЩгУÿӵеϢͬ磬ھɳгϣйؾɳϢͨҪDZڵ֪öࡣ
6ƽɱAverage cost
ƽɱܳɱԲҲΪƽܳɱ
7ƽ̶ɱ( Average fixed cost
ƽ̶ɱ̶ܹɱԲ
8ƽƷAverage product
ƽƷܲͶƷ
9ƽɱɱAverage variable cost
ƽɱɱܿɱɱԲ
10Ͷʵβ(Beta
βͶIJɷɢķաһֹƱԣʾйƱ淢仯ʱһֹƱеر仯
11ծȯ(Bond yield
ծȯծȯõʡ
12֧ƽͼBreakeven chart
֧ƽͼʾһֲƷ۵ıʱܳɱα仯ġ֧ƽΪʧС
13Ԥ(Budget line
Ԥ߱ʾܹƷXƷYȫϡбʵƷXļ۸ƷYļ۸ٳһ1
14ۣBundling
ָһгӪֶΣֲƷij̣ҪһֲƷĿͻҲҪһֲƷ
15ʱCapital
ʱָۼƷͷ豸ԭϺԴ
16ʱ棨Capital gain
ʱָƱʲʱõijԭΪ֧һ֡
17ʱ壨Capitalism
ʱһгϵ۸ϵȥľ⣺ʲô䣿ӦΪ٣
18Ч(Cardinal utility
Чָ˵ػڻϿԶЧãζЧ֮IJ𣬼ЧãģЧ෴ֻIJϲ塣
19ضCartel
ضָ֮Ϊ˺ıǩʽЭһгṹ̬
20Ʋһ˹Cobb-Douglas production function
Ʋһ˹ָQ=AL"IK"2
Mi3ʽУQΪLΪͶKΪʱMΪԭϵA311223Ϊ
21ᣨCollision
ָһ̺ͬҵijǩйؼ۸˵Э顣
22ȽƣComparative advantage
ƷijɱȣһijֲƷijɱһҵͣôùƷһȾбȽơ
23ƷComplements
XYǻƷXYļ۸ɷ仯
24ɱҵConstant-cost industry
ɱҵָˮƽijڹߵҵͶƷ۸½
25ģ治䣨Constant returns to scale
ͶƷͬİٷӣ²Ҳͬİٷӣǹģ治ġ
26ʣࣨConsumer surplus
ʣָԸΪijƷ֧ʵ֧֮
27ɾгContestable market
ɾгָֽȫԼ˳ûгɱгɾгıǺܵ˾ܵĽߵ˺
28ԼߣContract curve
Լǣ֮нʱߵıȵĵĹ켣ߣ֮нʱߵıʼȵĵĹ켣
29ǵ⣨Corner solution
ǵָһΣԤλϵĵ㴦ﵽߵĿɻõߡҲᷢƵ
30Ľ浯ԣCross elasticity of demand
Ľ浯ָƷYļ۸1ı仯ʱƷX仯İٷֱȡ
31¢ϵνʧDeadweight loss of monopoly
һȫгתΪһ¢ϵгתʣļپνʧ
32¢ϵνʧDeadweight loss of monopsony
һȫгתһ¢ϵгתʣļټΪνʧ
33ɱݼҵDecreasing-cost industry
ɱݼҵָбijڹߵҵƽɱ½
34ģݼ Decreasing return to scale
ͶƷͬİٷӣ²ӵİٷСڸðٷǹģݼġ
35ߣDemand curve
߱ʾÿһ۸Ʒ
36ɴʽߣDemand curve of loanable funds
ɴʽ߱ʾɴʽʶ֮Ĺϵ
37ʣ Discount rate
ڼͶʵľֵʱΪʡ
38ɷɢ(Diversifiable risk
ͨķǿɷɢա
39̣ Dominant firm
ڹͷ¢ϵҵУһƶ۸Ĵͳ̣ҵеСڴ˼۸۵ȫƷ
40ƲԣDominant strategy
˲ȡʲôԣƲԶһ˶ԶõIJԡ
41˫ͷ¢ϣDuopoly)
˫ͷ¢ָһгṹŵģͣԼģж漰˫ͷ¢ϡ
42ЧʣEconomic efficiency
Чָһ״еκθı䶼κ˴ʧһЩ˵ĸһ״̬ǾõЧ״Чʻţ
43Economic profit
̵ָijɱ֮߰һֳԴʹпԻõ档
44ľEconomic region of production
ľָȲбΪͶƷϡûһ̻ڵȲбΪĵУΪֵܻһͶƷıʲƷΪ
45ԴEconomic resource
ԴָһϡȱġҪһ۸Դ
46ΧãEconomies of scope
Χָɳ̵ķΧǹģľáֻҪֻIJƷϲһȷֿijɱҪͣͻڷΧá
47Чг˵Efficient markets hypothesis
һ裬ͶƱʱѸЧÿܵϢ.֪ӰһֹƱ۸ضѾӳڹƱļ۸У˸һۣƱļЧġʽ
48Ƹ״Endowment position
Ƹ״ָÿˡ
49ߣEngel curve
߷ӳһƷľˮƽ֮Ĺϵ19͵¹ͳѧҶ˹•ġ
50⣨Equilibrium
ָûκα仯Ƶ״̬磬۸һܹάֵļ۸
amortization ̯
• 51ʣExcess capacity
ʣָɱͲ볤ھеʵʲ֮¢Ͼһ۵ĽۣΪгṹ֮µijڻйʣ½
52·( Expansion path
·ֲָӦĵȲȳɱеĵĹ켣ͶƷǿɱġ
53ҼֵExpected monetary vale
ΪȷһͶҼֵÿһֵֿܳĽĻ棨ʧֵĸԺĺ͡
54ԤExpected profit
ԤdzڵƽֵҲֵĸʼȨԺĸֿܵˮƽ֮͡
55ȫϢԤڼֵExpected value of perfect information
ȫϢԤڼֵָȫϢµԤڵĻҼֵӡǾΪȫϢ֧
56ԳɱExplicit costs
ԳɱָĿij̵ã繤ʳɱԭ֧
57ⲿãExternal diseconomy
ⲿָѻ˺ͳ̵IJһ˻ijɱ
58ⲿãExternal economy
ⲿָѻ˺ͳ̵IJһ˻ȡ档
ȶƣFirst-mover advantages
ȶڲеһȡжľӵеơ
59̶ɱFixed cost
̶ɱΪÿʱڲͶƷܳɱ
60ͶƷFIXed input
ͶƷָʹõģ糧豸ڿڼ
Դ
61ԴFree resource)
Դָرԣ۸ͿԻõԴ
62һGeneral equilibrium analysis
һֲָ෴Ѹгͼ۸öǽȥķ
63ҷۣGiffen`s paradox
ҷָƷ۸ϵһ״Ʒ۸ЧӦԵЧӦʱͻᷢ
64ɱImplicit cost
ʹҵӵеԴʱʱѡɱɱ
65벹ߣ Incomecompensated demand curve
벹߱ʾߵۼ۸ζԹгӣʱÿһּ۸Ʒж١
66--ߣIncome-consumption curve
һǰѴȫܵӦľгӵĵӶɵһߡ߿Ƶߡ
67ЧӦIncome effect
ЧӦָм۸ʱȫˮƽı仯ƷXĸı䡣
68뵯ԣincome elasticity of demand
뵯ָ۸ֲʱ뷢1ı仯ʱ仯İٷֱȡ
69ɱIJҵIncreasing-cost industry
ɱҵָбijڹߵҵͶƷ۸
70ģincreasing returns to scale
ͶƷͬİٷӣ²ӵİٷڸðٷǹģġ
71ߣIndifference curve
߱ʾûгӵĵĹ켣
72ƷInferior good
ƷָЧӦʹʵӵٵƷ
73£Innovation
һһʹʱdz֮Ϊ¡
74ͶƷ(Input
ʹõκԴͶƷ
75ʣlnterest rate
1Ԫһ꣬һյˮΪʡΪrһյ(1+rԪ
76мƷIntermediate good
мƷָƷͷIJƷ
77ڲʣInternal rate of return
ڲʹһͶĿľֵֽĿͶ֧ʡ
78ͶʣInvestment
ͶָʲĹ̡
79Ͷߣ Investment demand curve
Ͷ߱ʾͶʵ1ԪͶʵ֮Ĺϵ
80ȳɱߣ Isocost curve
ȳɱ߱ʾһ̶֧ܵõĸͶƷϡ
81ߣ Isoprofit curve
߱ʾܹijһˮƽͶƷϡ
82ȲߣIsoquant
Ȳ߱ʾܹijһпܵģЧʵģͶƷ.
83ߣ lsorevenue line
߱ʾܹͬƷȫϡ
84ߣKinked demand curve
¢ϳԵеļ۸һ۵ߣڼ۸ʱҪȼ۸½ʱеԡ
85Ͷ Labor
ͶָƷͷĹʹõǵŬ
86( Land
ָġڵȻԴ
87ݼɣLaw of diminishing marginal returns
һͬһͶƷͶƷֲ䣩µIJƷڳijһ½Ҳ˵ʲƷ١
ЧõݼɣLaw of diminishing marginal utility
һһԽԽijƷʱƷѱֲ䣩ƷıЧջ½
88ָLerner index
ָһӵе¢ĴСڣP-MCP˴Pdz̵ļ۸MCDZʳɱ
89ѧϰߣLearning curve
ѧϰ߱ʾһƷƽɱߵۻ֮ܲĹϵ
90ԶۣLimit pricing
ԶָΪֹ̽˶ȡһֶۡԼ۸һʹýʧֹǽļ۸
91ڣLong run
ָͶƷǿɱʱޡڳг̿ȫıʹõԴ
92ʳɱMarginal cost
ʳɱָһλµܳɱӡ
93ʳɱۣMarginal cost pricing
ʳɱָһֶ۹̻ҵʹü۸ڱʳɱ
94֧ߣManginal expenditure curve
֧߱ʾ1λͶƷXijɱӡ
95ʲƷMarginal product
ʲƷָһλijͶƷͶƷֲ䣩ܲӡ
96ʲƷתʣMarginal rate of product transformation
ʲƷתָбʵĸ
97ʣMarginal rate of substitution
ָյһλƷX֮ҪˮƽƷY
98棨Marginal revenue
ָ۶һλƷӡ
99ƷMarginal revenue product
ƷָʹöһλͶƷXӡͶXıʲƷԳ̵ı档
100Чã Marginal utility
ЧָƷˮƽֲʱӶһλƷö㣨Чã
101гMarket
гָΪijЩƷ̺ϵһȺ̺ˡ
102гߣMarket demand curve
г߱ʾгвƷļ۸֮Ĺϵ
103гڣMarket period
гָһƷĹֲһʱڡ
104гṹ Market structure
һгȫ¢ϡ¢Ͼͷ¢ϡһгĽṹߺߵԼƷĴС
105г Market supply schedule
гʾڸּ۸һƷܹ
106ӳɶۣMarkup pricing
ӳɶָΪȷһֲƷļ۸һٷֱȣԵģӵƵIJƷƽʵģɱϣζŸҪijЩκξƷȥijɱּά̵ֳijһͶʻرʡ
107СԣMaximin strategy)
СָʹܹõСIJԡ
108۾ѧMicroeconomics
۾ѧǾѧһ֣ߡ̺ԴЩľΪ۾ѧ֮෴ܲƷľΪ
109СЧģMinimum efficient size of plant
ڳƽɱڻӽСֵСĹģ
110ģͣModel
ģָԶʵмͳļΪۣʵԤۡ
111ˣMoney income
ָÿʱڵʵԪߵ롣
112¢Ͼ(Monopolistic competition
¢ϾָһгṹڸгкܶвƷߣײҳ֮ûйΪ
113¢(Monopoly
¢ָһֲƷֻһߵгṹҵͨΡ
114¢ϣMonopsony
¢ָһֲƷֻһߵгṹһҵȫͶij̾һӡ
115·գMoral hazard
·ָڹ˱֮һ˻̵Ϊ仯˱չ˾еĵԡֺʧĸʡ
116˾Multinational firm
˾ָͶʲڹ۲Ʒij̡
117೧¢ϣ Multiplant monopoly)
೧¢ָӵк;ӪֹһҪÿһ̡
118Ʒ̣ Multiproduct firm
ƷָֹһֲƷij̡磬Ű˾ʯ͵ȷIJƷ
119ͬMutual fund
ͬǰѴͶߺԱǮһ𣬴Ӷ̵ĹƱ
120ʲ⣨Nash equilibrium
ʲָеһ־⣬ÿ˵IJԣڴ˾£о˶ûɸıԼIJԡ
121Ȼ¢ϣNatural monopoly
Ȼ¢ָһҵڴҵУڲȫгƷƽɱﵽС˲ܴھеһ̾ͳΪ¢ߡ
122ֵNet-Present-Value Rule
ֵҪӦô¾ֵΪͶĿͶʵľֵͶδֵֽȥͶʵijɱ
123ɷɢķգNondiversifiable risk
ɷɢķָͨСķա
124Ǽ۸Nonprice competition
оͷı仯ʹƷĸָı䣬Լ̼ĹӪֶеľǷǼ۸
125ƷNormal goods
ߵʵӵƷΪƷ
126ͷ¢ϣOligopoly
ͷ¢ָһгֻ̬ߣƷͬʵҲвġ磬ʯгġ
127ͷ¢ϣOligopsony
ͷ¢ָֻߵг̬
128ɱOpportunity cost
õһַʽijԴļֵΪɱҲΪѡɱ
129ͶƷϣOptimal input combination
ͶƷǾЧʵĻʹҲ˵ij̵ĽǶȳŵģ֮һϾͶƷϡ
130ЧãOrdinal utility
ϿԶЧЧãһֻܸݸгӸЩг
131бPareto criterion
бȷһָıǷһָĽıһκ˶ʹˣǿøõĸıһָĽ
132ֲ Partial equilibrium analysis
ֲָһַһ෴һгϵļ۸ıʱᵼгļ۸Եı仯
133棨 Pecuniary benefits
ھöһĿĵԼ۸ı仯棨ḣʵ𣩡
134ȫPerfect Competition
ȫһгṹͬʵƷкܶߣûһܿƼ۸ײԴʱһʹתһʹߡ磬ũƷг;ȫгЩ
135ɶһĹ˾ծȯPerpetuity
ɶһĹ˾ծȯָԶ֧һ̶Ϣծȯ
136ӶԶۣ Predatory pricing
ӶԶָΪ˰ѾԳ̴ҵиߴӶƶһͼ۵
137ֵ Present value
ֵںͽȥһ֧֧ڽļֵ
138ۣPrice ceiling
ָijƷ涨۸磬ŦԼеƾ涨˷ޡ
139۸--ߣPric-consumption curve
۸--ǰһƷĸּ۸ѡгӦĸӶɵһߡ
140۸ӣ Price discrimination
۸ָһͬһƷһȡļ۸ߡ
141м۸ԣPrice elastic
ļ۸Դ1ôƷǸм۸ԡ
142ļ۸ԣPrice elasticity of demand
ļ۸ָ۸仯1µ仯İٷֱȣϰͨʾ
143ļ۸ԣPrice elasticity of supply)
ļ۸ָ۸仯1µĹ仯İٷֱȡ
144ۣPrice floor
ָijƷ涨ͼ۸磬ũҵƻ涨Сͼ۸
145ȱ۸(Price inelastic
ļ۸С1ôƷȱ۸ԡ
146۸쵼ߣ Price leader
۸쵼ָڹͷ¢ϵҵƶ۸Ըij̡
147۸ϵͳPrice system
ڼ۸ϵͳ£Ʒͷһ۸ڴʱ徭м۸ִһϵͳĻְܣʲôÿӦõõԼһҵӦǶ٣
148ί--⣨Principal-agent problem
ھ˿ܻԼĿ꣬ҵߵӶί--⡣Ϊ߹Ĵˣίˡ
149Prisoner`s dilemma
ָһΣʱˣ̣ҪȲãÿ˶ò棬ÿ˵״ҪǺʱľ
150˽˳ɱPrivate cost
˽˳ɱָʹΪܹʹijһԴķá
• 151ʣProbability
ָڳijֽĴܴ֮ȡ磬Ӳ 1ֵĴܴ 16ô
1ĸʾ 16
152ʣࣨProducer surplus
ʣڳһֲƷϲҪ߳͵ҪСӼεĽǶȿڼ۸֮¡֮ϵ
153ߣ Production possibilities curve
߱ʾһԴܹƷĸϡ
154Production function
ʾÿʱʹõĸͶƷÿʱ֮Ĺϵ
156Profit
̵ȥijɱ
157ƷPublic good
ƷָǾԺͷԵƷνǾԣָΪһṩһƷıʳɱΪ㡣νԣָųһƷǷѣ
158Quasi-rent
ָԹʱͶƷ֧磬̵ijڶDzܸıģͶƷ֧
159Quota
ָһƷÿܹڵʩӵơ
160ߣRay
ָijЩռߡʱһϣͶһϣôԭһ߾ʱһͶʲȫͶƷϡ
161Ӧߣ Reaction curve
Ӧ߱ʾһ˫ͷ¢۶һΪһ˫ͷ¢߽۵
162ʵ棨Real benefits
ʵָܹḣ档˲ͬʾڵһƻԼ۸ıʱӡ
163Rent
ָԹͶƷ֧
164ߣRidge lines
ͶλһʱλһͼУָڴ֮ijܹѡȫͶƷϵߡ
165գRisk
ָһ״нDzȷģÿĸǿ֪ԹƵġ
166ߣRisk averter
ԾͬԤڻҼֵͶʱϲȽȷͶϲôȷͶ
167հߣRisk lover
ԾͬԤڻҼֵͶʱհϲôȷͶϲȽȷͶ
168ԣRisk neutral
߲һͶǷбȽȷ߲ôȷĽֻǸԤڵĻҼֵѡͶرԣҪʹҼֵ
169Saving
ָߴеġѵЩƷнʡ֡
170۸ӣSecond-degree Price discrimination
۸ָ¢ϳ߹ȡͬļ۸Ӷ
171۷ãSelling expenses
۷ָһֲƷĹԼͼ˵ܹDZõķá
172ڣShort run
̵ָһЩͶƷָͨij豸ϱֲʱڡ
173ɱSocial cost
ɱָһƷ߲ȡijжijɱһɱһ˽˳ɱ
174̬ЧʣStatic efficiency
̬ЧָƫñֲʱЧʡƫ뾲̬Чһļ仯ʺʵߣǾͻ㾲̬Чʵʱˮƽ
175Ծٴ루Strategic move
ԾٴָԶԼķʽӰѡľٴ룬ͨӰ˶ԼжԤġ
176ƷSubstitutes
ƷXƷYģXYļ۸ͬ仯
177ЧӦ(Substitution effect
ЧӦָߵˮƽֲʱһƷ۸仯ĸı䡣
178ߣSupply curve
߱ʾƷÿһ۸ˮƽܹijƷ
179ɴʽĹߣSupply curve of loanable funds
ɴʽĹ߱ʾĿɴʽ֮Ĺϵ
180Ŀ棨Target return
Ŀָһϣóɱӳɵķõĺʡ
181˰Tariff
˰ָԽƷյ˰ĿΪ˼ٽԼıҵˣ
182(Technological changes
ָвƷ·ʹ²Ʒʵֵƺ֯Ӫ¼
183Technology
һԴܹƷͷйصṲ֪ʶ
184۸(Thirddegree price discrimination
۸ָһ״ڴ֮Уһ¢ڲֹһгƷƷܴһгתƵһгۣ˳̿ڲͬгƶͬļ۸
185ԣTit for tat
DzеһֲԣÿһĶһȡġ
186ܳɱTotal cost
ܳɱһ̵̶ܹɱܿɱɱ֮͡
187ܳɱTotal cost function
ܳɱ̵ָܳɱIJ֮Ĺϵ
188̶ܹɱTotal cost
̶ܹɱָÿʱڳڲͶƷϵ֧
189(Total revenue
ÿʱڳܵԪ۶
190ʣࣨTotal surplus
ʣʣʣ֮͡
191ЧãTotal utility
ЧǴߴijгõˮƽ֡
192ܿɱɱTotal variable cost
ܿɱɱָÿʱڳڿɱͶƷϵ֧
193óߣTrading possibilities curve
óһʾһҽóʱܻõĸƷ
194׳ɱ(Transaction cost
׳ɱʹߺߵһǩͬԼйгϢķá
195תõŷ֤Transferable emissions permits
תõŷ֤һֿԲһȾ֤ڸ֮䲢ҿ֮
196˫շѣTwo-part tariff
˫շһֶۼ߳ΪijһƷȨ֧һijʼ֮⣬ҪΪÿһλƷ֧ʹ÷ѡ
197ۣTying
һۼһֲƷֻһֲƷһʹʱܷãҪͻij̹һֲƷ
198λԣUnitary elasticity
ļ۸Ե1
199Ч(Utility
ߴһглõˮƽ߸гӵЧá
200ЧÿߣUtility of possibility curve
ЧÿһʾڸһõЧʱһܻõЧá
• 201ʲƷֵValue of marginal product
ʲƷֵΪһͶƷıʲƷҲǶһλͶƷµĶԲƷļ۸
202ɱɱ Variable cost
ɱɱÿһʱеĿɱͶƷܳɱ
203ɱͶƷ Variable input
ɱͶƷʹõԴʱǿԸıġ
204•Ŧ--Ħ˹̹Чúvon Neumann-Morgenstern utility function
һʾΪһֶIJÿֿܵĽЧã˵˾߶Էյƫá
204Ӯߵ䣨Winners curse
ijһضأƷʲںܶͶ۸ͶǶؼֵĹƻ϶ȷģÿͶߵı۽ؼֵĹƣôܾ߱ͨܿҪΪֵ֧ļǮ
205 ˰յģ֧ԭ Abilitytopay principleof taxation
˰֧ȷ˰ԭ˰֧ ˻Ƹһԭ˵ij
״Ϻõ˵ñȱ˶ฺ١
206(ó еģAbsolute advantage(in international trade
AеıBܸЧأλͶIJ ˮƽȽϸߵȣijƷƲ
ζAȻܽƷɹسڵBΪB һ˵ıȽƻԻȽ comparative
advantage
207ԭ Accelerator principle
Ͳʱ䶯ͬͶ䶯ۡ
208 ʵԤ㡢Ԥ ͽṹԤActual,cyc1ical and structual budget
ʵԤijֻӯָijʵʼ¼ijֻӯࡣʵԤɻֳɽṹԤԤ㡣ṹԤ
ٶDZڲˮƽУݴ˲þ µ˰롢֧ͳֵָꡣԤ
Ԥҵڣ侭òԤӰ졣
209ӦԤ Adaptive expectations
Ԥڣexpectations
210ɵס Adjustable peg
һ̶֣ƶȡڸƶ£Ҷұһ̶ֹĻԻ"ס"ʡijЩط䶯ԭȻʧȥݵʱֻʱ㲻ʱڵ19441971ڼ䣬ҪҶձʵƶȣΪ"ɭϵ"
211Ǹ۸Administeredor inflexible prices
ָij۸йع涨۸ijһʱڡֽܹάֲ䡣۸price
flexibility
212ѡAdverse selection
һг顣ָһЩջˣաƶ֮ѡָһijƷԣյϢͬɳг
213Aggregate demand
ijһʱһƻҪ֧ȡܵļ۸ˮƽܵͶʡڡ֧ˮƽͻҹӦصӰ졣
214Aggregate demandADcurve
£һԸƷͷþõļ۸ˮƽ֮Ĺϵߡͬһ߱ҲһϵҪľñ֧ںͻҹӦȵȡ
215ܹ Aggregate supply
ijһʱһиҵԸƷļֵܹܺ͡ǿɹõԴͼ۸ˮƽĺ
216ܹAggregate supplyAScurve
£ָҵԸṩܲ۸ˮƽ֮ĹϵߡܹںܳʱڣDZڲˮƽLԵضͺʹֱӶڿԵñȽƽ
217ЧAllocative efficiency
һ־þһõþʱѾͨóֶΣijһ˵Чû̶ȣֲ˵Чû̶ȡijϽȫԵЧʡЧֳΪЧʣPareto
efficiency
218˹ Antitrust legislation
ȡ¢оóƺЩּ̧۸ȡij̹Ϊĸַɡ
219ֵͨ Appreciationof a currency
ֵͨdepreciation
220ɷֲAppropriable
ijЩԴԵһдԴ߿ԻøԴȫüֵõгУɷֲԴܵõĶۺЧá
221Arbitrage
һгϼijƷʲһгƷʲڼ۲ȡľΪ۲ҪʹгܸЧطӡ
222ʲAsset
ʵƲоüֵķʵԵȨ繤豸ءרȨԼҡծȯȽƱݡ
223ҵʲAsset demand for money
demand for money
224ԶڣȶAutomaticor builtinstabilizers
˰պͿ֧ϵеһʣԻ˽˲˱䶯áʧҵ۽˰ȶȶá
225ƽɱ Average cost
ƽɱcostaverageo
226verage cost curvelongrun LRAC LAC ƽɱ
ʾڼͶƷļ۸䣬߿ѡҵŹģ£ijһƷĸֲˮƽӦƽɱļͼΡ
227Average cost curve shortrun SRAC SAC ƽɱ
ʾڼͶƷļ۸䡢ҵģΪȶ£ijһƷĸֲˮƽӦƽɱļͼΡ
228Average fixed cost ƽ̶ɱ
ƽ̶ɱcost average fixed
229Average product ƽƷ
ܲܲһͶƷõֵɴˣͶƽΪܲͶͶͶƷƽԴơ
230Average propensity to consume ƽ
marginal propensity to consume
231Average revenue ƽ
λ档ƽһ۸ȡ
232Average variable cost ƽɱɱ
ƽɱɱcost average variable
233Balance of international payment ֧ƽ
ijʱһͬⲿĽ״ıƷͷʱ
234Balance of trade ó
֧йƷƷڵIJ֡ʳƷʱƷĿΪĿ
235Balance of current account Ŀ
óbalance of trade
236Balance sheet ʲծ
ijʱһҵIJ״ʲΪһծӾʲһÿһʵʵĻƵĻҼֵгھʲʲծ壬ĺϼƱƽ⡣
237Balanced budget ƽԤ
ƽԤ㣨budget balanced
238Bankcommercial ҵ
һֽн顣ĿǰΪֹͻصͻ˵Ŀʱǩ֧Ʊинܴ֧ƱĽڻͳΪ
239Bank money л
дĻңرָɱ֧ƱʻM1ɲ֡
240bank reserves
reservesbank
241Barriers to entry
ܹ谭г¾ҵڳٵЩء編ɹ涨ƺͲƷȡ
242Barter ó
ƷֱӽҪʹκƷ䵱һý顣
243Benefit principleof taxation ˰յģԭ
Ϊ˰ǴеӦɱԭ
244Bond ծȯ
ҵеϢ֤ȯ֤δضڻϢ
245Breakeven pointin macroeconomics ۾ѧеģֵ֧
ˡͥһ뾳ˮƽڸþеñѣûҲû
иֻڸߵˮƽϲŻ
246Bretton woods System ɭϵ
ɵסadjustable peg
247Broad money
ҹһʽھҲM2ңM1дʻƽҵʲ
248Budget Ԥ
ƻ֧ԤʻͨһΪڡԣӦΪ˰ա
249Budgetbalanced ƽԤ
֧루룩óƽԤ㡣
250Budget constraintԤԼ
Ԥߣbudget line
• 251Budget deficit Ԥ
֧루룩IJ֡һֲ֣ͨ
252Budgetgovernment Ԥ
ضʱڣͨΪһ꣩ƻ֧ı顣
253Budget line Ԥ
ڼȶ۸ˮƽ£ø˿ܹĸƷϵĹ켣ʱԤԼbudget constraint
254Budget surplus Ԥӯ
˳֧IJ֣Ԥ֣budget deficitӦ
255Built-in stabilizers ȶ
Զȶautomatic stabilizers
256Business cycles ҵ
ܲ˺ܾҵIJֲԾеɷձͬڵźΪʱͨΪ210ꡣִ۾ѧУҵڷʵGDPDZGDPţ½˥ˣʱ
257CI CIG or CIGX schedule CI,CIG CIGX
˵ӦGDPˮƽÿһƻĻˮƽıɸñɵͼΡаѣCͶʣIƷ֧GԼڣX
258Capital(capital goods capital equipment ʱʱƷʱ豸lھУָͶҪأءͶʱеһ֡ʱеƷɡ2ڲƷ棬"ʱ"˾ɶѾϹʽɶӦػ˸ù˾Ĺɷݡ
259Capital consumption allowance ʱIJ
۾ɣdepreciation
260Capital deepening ʱ
ھУָʱͶıʵʱ㻯capital wideningӦ
261Capital gains ʱ ʱʲغͨɣֵʲ۸ͳۼ۸֮IJ
262Capital markets ʱг ʲ
ҡծȯƱнijеĴͽн飨financial
intermediariesתͶʡ
263Capitaloutput ratio ʱ- ھУʱ-ʴʱGDPıʡ
264Capital widening ʱ㻯
ʵʱͶգȣӶʱͶıʵԱֲ䡣ʱcapital
deepeningӦ
265Capitalism ʱ
һ־ϵͳдֲƲغʱ˽С־У˽гԴʹ˵ҪֶΡ
266Cardinal utility Ч
Чãordinal utility
267Cartel ض
һϵƲƷĶҵɵ֯Ŀ߸Ʒ۸Ϳ˹ضڷǷ
268Central bank
һ齨ĻϵƹһҹŴܽϵرҵк
269Change in demand vschange in quantity demanded 仯ı仯
"仯"ָƷ۸أƫøıȣµƷ䶯ͼϱΪߵƶ෴ڼ۸䶯䶯Ϊ"ı仯"ͼϱΪޱ䶯ƶ
270Change in supply vssupply in quantity 䶯빩ҵı䶯
仯빩仯ߵͬ"仯仯"
271Checking accountor bank money ֧Ʊʻлң
ҵлڻеĴ֧ƱʽңM1Ҳ֧Ʊcheckable
depositM1ɲ֡
272Chicago School of Economics ѧ֥Ӹѧ
Ժ•ɡҮ˺•ΪҪһȺѧҡûԤľгʹЧС
273Classical approach ŵ
ŵ侭ѧclassical economics
274Classical economics ŵ侭ѧ
˹۳ǰľ˼ѧɣǵ•˹1776꿪Ҫ߰•ͼ˹•˹Լ•աһ˵ѧžùɣر桢ż۸Ҫر꣬ż۸ϵõԴð취
275Classical theoriesin macroeconomics ۾ѧеģŵ
ǿϵУۡڹŵۺͷУһ㴦ڳ־ҵ״ִ̬̼߶ԲûӰ졣
276Clearing market г
Ʒ۸гֵԣflexibleʹѸٴﵽгڳгϣûжԴãҲûгʵУһƷгͽгͶгƷг
277Closed economy վ
žãopen economy
278Coase theorem ˹
ɵ•˹Ronald
Coaseһֹ۵㣨һΪijЩ£õⲿԻԻЧʿͨ˵̸жõ
279Collective bargaining ̸
һ鹤ˣͨһᣩ̸й̡ĿǴɹڹʡӸȷЭ顣
280Collusion
ҵ֮Ϊ̧۸ϷгƾȶɵĹıЭ顣
281Collusive oligopoly ͷ¢
һгṹڸгṹ£һСҵͷıߡĹͬﵽʱгϵļ۸ͽ¢µļ۸ͽdzӽ
282Command economy ָ
һ־֯ʽַʽؼľְܣʲôΪ˭ȣҪֱӾʱҲΪ"ƻ"
283Commodity money Ʒ
ڼֵĻңҲָΪʹõƷȣ
284Common stock ͨƱ
һ˾ӵȨͶƱȨĽ֤ȯеķݶӦͶƱȨͶԹ˾ʲȨ
285Communism
徭ƣҲάģʽƻ;ãӵвϣرǹҵʱ־öձƻԣҹ涨Ʒļ۸Ҫָꡣ
286Comparative advantagein international trade óеģȽ
ȽƷָһӦרͳЩùԵ͵ijɱƷЩԼɱԸߵƷɴ˿ɼDZȽƶǾӰó֡
287Compensating differentials ԣʣ
ڵķǻԲĹˮƽIJ磬ͬĹڰ˹ӻӣ乤Ҫڷ֧øߵöࡣ
288Competitionimperfect ȫ
ָһЩгȫܱ֣ΪһӰг۸ߣߣбߡֲȫأȫ¢ϡͷ¢ϻ¢Ͼȡ
289Competionperfect ȫ
ָЩӰ۸ҵߵг·1ߺߵĿdz2ṩIJƷͬʵģģ£ҵԵһˮƽĻȫԵߡ
290Competitve equilibrium
ȫΪгйƽ⡣ȫеߺ߶û֧ԵأӰг۸ڱʳɱͱЧõˮƽ
291Competitive market г
ȫcompetitionperfect
292Complements Ʒ
""ƷŵЬҽŵЬƷƷָָֿף
293Compound interest
һеϢͱϢķ磬긴Ϊ10100Ԫڵһףõ10ԪϢڵڶףõϢ11Ԫ10Ԫԭʼ1ԪԵһ10ԪϢԺԴơ
294Cocentration ratio ж
һҵУҵIJռҵܲİٷֱȡһֵ͵ĶҵжȣļҵIJռܲİٷֱȡ
295Conglomerate ҵ
һֶǻɲƷĴ˾磬ijЩ̲ݹ˾չϡӰƬȻصҵ
296Conglomerate merger ϼ沢
沢merger
297Constant returns to scale ģ겻
ģ꣨returns to scale
298Consumer price index ۸ָCPI
ѡһƷ۸ָָʱÿƷȨ19821984Ʒڳ֧ռķݶȷ
299Consumer surplus ʣ
ΪȡһƷԸ֧ļ۸ȡøƷ֧ʵʼ۸֮IJԭڣһλ⣬ƷûұʾıЧãԪʾ۸һ£ͼʣĻҼֵ¡۸ϵ
300Consumption
۾ѧУָijʱһ˻һƷ֧ϸ˵""ӦָһʱЩȫõ˵ģĻ"Ե˵ģƷʵϣ֧ѹƷƷʹʱҪԶԶʱڣҾߡȡ
• 301Consumption function Ѻ
˿֧ˣPDIֵӦϵܲƸҲΪѲӰ졣
302Consumption-possibility line ѿ
Ԥߣbudget line
303Cooperative equilibrium Ծ
УָЭж֧ͬjoint payoffsŻIJԶﵽĽ
304Corporate income tax ˾˰
Թ˾꾻˰ա
305Corporation ˾
ִʱ徭ҵ֯Ҫʽɸ˻˾ӵеҵһĹۺǩͬȨ˾ͶԹ˾""˶ߣڷDzͬĸ
306Correlation
ֱϵͳϵһij̶ȡ
307Costaverage ƽɱ
ܳɱμ"ܳɱ"costtotalԲĵλ
308Costaverage fixed ƽ̶ɱ
ڹ̶ɱԲĵλ
309Costaverage variable ƽɱɱ
ڿɱɱμ"ɱɱ"costvariableԲĵλ
310Costfixed ̶ɱ
һҵijʱμʹڲΪʱҲᷢijɱ̶ܹɱϢ֧Ѻ֧߷õԼԿ֧ɡ
311Costmarginal ʳɱ
1λƷӵijɱܳɱӶ1λƷܳɱļٶ
312Costminimum ͳɱ
λԴﵽʹۣƽɱɱɱʳɱƽɱϵÿһIJˮƽԣõǸù˾ʹ˶ԣƽɱϵÿһ㶼ƽɱ㡣
313Costpush inflation ɱƶͨ
гɱܹͨ͡ͼУɱƶΪASߵơҲsupply-shockͨ͡
314Costtotal ܳɱ
ijˮƽҪؼ۸¿ԵõͳɱܶйɱȶijɱΪڳɱͶ˺;߷һֱȫԵijɱΪܳɱ
315Costvariable ɱɱ
ˮƽ仯仯ijɱԭϡͶȼϳɱɱɱܳɱ̶ɱ
316Crawlingor slidingpeg Уס
һֻʹʣʲΧÿÿСȵ"'ϻ'"£ÿ025
317Credit Ŵ
IУԳŵδijʱڳͨϢΪʹʽҪжڴŴҵƱݡ2֧ʻܻҵĿڵȡ
318Cross elasticity of demand Ľ浯
һƷ۸䶯һƷӰĸȷ˵ֲʱĽ浯ԵƷB۸䶯1ʱƷA䶯İٷֱȡ
319Crowdingout hypothesis ЧӦ˵
Ϊֻ֧ӦҵͶʡ
320Currency ͨ
Һֽҡ
321Currency appreciationor depreciation ֵͨ ֵ
ֵͨdepreciationof a currency]
322Current account ʻ
óbalance of trade
323Cyclical budgetԤ
ʵʡںͽṹԤ㣨actual cyclical and structural budget)
324Cyclical unemployment ʧҵ
Ħʧҵfrictional unemployment
325Deadweight loss ʧ
¢ϡ˰˰ջŤʵʧʣʣʧ磬¢ҵ̧۸ʱ㷽ʧ¢ҵ淽ջ¢Άʧ
326Debit 跽
lһֻƿĿʾʲӻծļ٣2ڹ֧ʻУ跽ָĿڡ
327Decreasing returns to scale ģݼ
ģ꣨returns to scale
328Deficit spending ֧
Ʒ֧ת֧ȳ˰պ롣֧ͨڽ롣
329Deflatingof economic data ݣ
""ĻֵԪȻ"ʵ"Ḷֵ́ԪԼ۸ָɡ
330Deflation ͨ
۸ˮƽ½
331Demand curveor demand schedule ߣ
ͬʱÿһ۸ˮƽԸƷıߡͨԼ۸ΪᣨYᣩΪᣨXᣩ仯仯change
in demand vs change in quantity demanded
332Demand for money
ѧʹõļԽ˺ҵΪʲôҪллҵҪǣltransactions
demandʾҪûȥƷԼ2Ʋasset
demandҪһǿյʲ
333Demand-pull inflation ͨ
ɹȵƷļ۸ͣʱӦĸdzɱƶͨͣcost-push
inflation
334Demography ˿ѧ
о˿ڹɵĿѧ
335Depreciationof an asset ʲ۾
ʲֵ½ҵ㻹ڹú۾ɶָʱУʱĵļֵĻҹֵڹʻҲΪʱIJcapital
consumption allowance
336Depreciationof a currency ֵͨ
һҼ۸½ʱƸûҷֵ磬Ԫʴ1Ԫһ6½1Ԫһ4ʱԪͷ˱ֵֵԵ"ֵ"appreciationһֻһʱ֡
337Depression
ʱڵĸʧҵʡͲͶʡҵĽ͡۸µҵձƲҵһº͵ʽ˥ˣrecessionͬͬ㣬ڳ̶Ͻ죬˥˵ľȷʵGNP½
338Derived demand
һҪصԣԣһֲƷиҪضһղƷף̥Զ
339Devaluation ֵ
һҹٷ۸½ļ۸һƽʾġ磬
1971굱ԪԻƽĹٷ۸½ʱ˵ԪֵԵĸֵrevaluationһùڻƽҵĹٷߵʱ
340Developing country չй
Ƿңless developed country
341Differentiated products Ʒ
ҾǿԵֲȫͬIJƷ䲻ܱ֮ͬڲƷĹܡۡλá档
342Diminishing marginal utilitylaw of Чõݼ
һƷԽԽʱЧ½Ĺɡ
343Diminishing returnslaw of ݼ
Ͷ˹̶ʱijһͶ룬IJջٵĹɡùһֵȼ۵˵ǣijһˮƽ֮Ͷıʲ½
344Direct taxes ֱ˰
ֱ˻ҵ˰áͶ˰ֱ˰˰Ӧ˰ǶƷͷյģӶֻǼӵԹΪ˰˰˰жԲƲࡢƷ͵˰
345Discount rate
lУУҵṩʱȡʡ2ijЩʲֵʱʹõʡ
346Discountingof future income δˣ
δɵȼ۵ֵù̽һδֵһʼӦǡʡ磬ijŵ2121Ԫʱʻ10%ݴǿԼ1Ԫֵõۿǣ110δ˵ۿӻԻʳΪʣdiscount
rate
347Discrimination
빤صĸɵͶرԱ塢ڽ̵й
348Disequilibrium Ǿ
ò״̬Ϊ۸ģʹߣߣƶг۸ûֵĵں۾ѧУʧҵΪǸԴгķǾ״̬
349Disinflation ͨ
ͨʵĹ̡磬19801983Ĵ˥˾͵˸ʱͨʵļ½
350Disposable income ֧루 DI
ͨ˵ָûؼ룬ҲǹпɼͥѻIJ֡ȷ˵GNPȥ˰աҵ۾ɣ֧ת֧Ϣ֧
• 351Disposable personal income ˿֧
ͬڿ֧루disposable income
352Dissaving
Ĵijʱ֧ʱڿ֧IJ֣Ҫͨʹôֲ
353Distribution
ھѧУָܲڸ˻ҪнзķͶʱ֮ķ䣩
354Division of labor Ͷֹ
֯һַÿͶרŴ̵ijһ֡Ͷרҵܵ¸ߵܲΪͶ߿ԸijЩӹһ˸רҵĻ豸ɾȸߵĹ
355Dominant equilibrium ռž
ռսԣdominant strategy
356Dominant strategy ռս
ڲָ߲ȡʲôԣij߶һѲԡв߶һռսʱռž⣨dominant
equilibrium
357Downwardsloping demandlaw of б
ֲʱijƷ۸½ᵼ߶ƷĹɡ
358Duopoly ˫ͷ¢
һгṹڸгṹֻߣ۲μͷ¢ϣoligopoly]
359Duopoly price war ˫ͷ¢ϼ۸ս
гϵĹṩ߾ѹͼ۸չսΡ
360Easymoney policy ɵĻ
361Econometrics üѧ
ѧһ֧ͳƷƾеϵ
362Economic goods Ʒ
ϡȱЩƷͨͨȡһļ۸
363Economic growth
һһʱܲͨһʵGDPDZGDPʽк
364Economic reguation ù
ƣregulation
365Economic rent
""rent economic
366Economic surplus ʣ
һ̶ָȻЧˮƽɱIJ֡ʣࣨȳֵܹIJ֣ʣࣨ볬ɱIJ֣֮͡
367Economics of information Ϣѧ
ϢҲΪһƷľƷΪϢɱϸߡȴܱˣ˴ϢƷͷ緢桢ȣгг顣
368Economies of scale ģ
ͶʵƽɱĽͣԴȫҪͶ˵ͬӡ
369Economies of scope Ⱦ
ӪƷľáͬʱƷXƷYijɱڵƷʱʹڹȾá
370Effective tax rate Ч˰
˰ռ˻˰һٷֱȡ
371Efficiency Ч
Ͷͼ£Դû˷ѣԾԴ̶ܴܵȵáҲ"Ч"allocative
efficiencyһ
372Efficiencywage theory Ч
һۣϸߵĹʻϸߵʡΪϸߵĹʻʹ˸ʿߣҿάֽϵ͵±䶯ʡ
373Efficient market Чг
һгϣеϢѸٵرгеIJ֪ܹ뵽г۸֮СھѧУЧгָǰпԵõϢѱͨɣʲļ۸
374Elasticity
ѧ㷺õһʾһһı仯ķӦƷXƷYĵԱʾYÿ仯ٷ֮һʱX䶯İٷֱȡļ۸ԣprice
elasticity of demandļ۸ԣprice elasticity of
supplyرҪķ롣
375Employed ҵ
ٷ壬Ǵκ֧Ĺйչݼٶȱڵģھҵμ"ʧҵ"unemployment
376Equalcost line ȳɱ
ͼбʾʽܹͶҪظֿϵĵĹ켣
377Equalproduct curveor isoquant Ȳ
ͼбʾȶҪͶҪصĸֿϵĵĹ켣
378Equilibrium
һ־״̬оʵ崦ھֹ״̬˵ھʵĸھƻƽ⣬ûз䶯
379Equilibrumfor a business firm ̾
ָһٵĸԼ£ﵽʱIJˮƽ״̬ʱûиı۸ˮƽĶڹ淶ijУζųѡһǡõڱʳɱIJˮƽ
380Equilibriumfor the individual consumer ߵľ
Чôﵽʱ״̬ڸͼ۸ˮƽ£ѡ̶ܹȵҪƷϡ
381Equilibriumcompetitive
⣨competitive equilibrium
382Equilibriumgeneral һ
һgeneralequilibrium analysis
383Equilibriummacroeconomic ۾þ
ԸԸܹGDPˮƽھʱԸѣC֧GͶʣI;ڣXõڵǰ۸ˮƽҵԸ۵
384Equimarginal principle ȱʷ
ڲͬƷ֮ķ߿ɰ˷ѡϣʹƷͷϵÿһԪıЧöȣܱ֤õЧ
385Exchange rate
ʣforeign exchange rate
386Exchangerate system ƶ
֧֮ʱݵһźƶȡʷҪĻƶǽλơɭϵڵĸơ
387Excise tax vs sales tax ˰˰
˰ǶijֻijƷƺ̲ݵĹ˰˰ǶԳضƷʳƷƷ˰
388Exclusion principle ԭ
˽ƷڹƷһʡ߽һƷAܺؽBCDųڸƷ洦ù֮⣬ԭڷãƷҲһ˽Ʒذųڷ֮⣬繫dzƸƷйƷ
389Exogenous vs induced variables ±
ЩɾϵıӦ±ɾϵġ磬仯ѵı仯䶯¡
390Expectations Ԥ
ڲȷأδʡ۸˰ʣĿԤûϵͳԴƫӦпܻõϢΪԵģrationalԤڡǸݹȥΪγǵԤڣԤڳΪӦԵģadaptive
391Expenditure multiplier ֧
μmultiplier
392Exports
ڱƷƷ䣩ʹͶʵϢһַ--Ʒͷӱ뱾
393External diseconomies ⲿ
ָѸʧȴܵõ磬ŷŵ˵IJƲͽ߲ܺܵõȾһⲿá
394External economies ⲿ
ָܸ˴ȴؽ֧һҵ˰ȫʹС͵ڸΪṩⲿİȫⲿⲿͨͳΪ"ⲿ"externalities
395External variables ⲿ
ͬexogenous variables
396Externalities ⲿ
˲ĻӰ죬Ҫ˶Դ֧вĻ˽˳ɱ治ɱʱͻⲿԡⲿԵҪⲿúⲿá
397Factors of production Ҫ
Ͷ룬ͶغʱƷͷԴҲ"Ͷ"inputs
398Fallacy of composition ϳ һʶΪԸΣȺϵͳҲͬ
399Federal Reserve System ϵͳ
Уcentra bank
400Fiat money
ûڼֵintrinsic
valueΪЧĻң統ֽҡֻڹᱻʱҲŻЧ
• 401Final goods ղƷ
ּʹöתһӹƷμ"мƷ"intermediate goods
402Financial economics ھѧ
ѧһ֧ͶͨЧķʽʹʽͽͶڴﵽĿꡣ
403Financial intermediary н
ܴߵĻҵкʹУͷǴгͬ𡢾Сչ˾ϻ𣩡
404Firmbusiness firm
ҵ ϵл˽λͶͶƷƷ
405Fiscalmonetary mix -
ԸԤ۾ûIJߺͻߵϡĻߺͿɵIJߣڹѺͶʡɵĻߺͽIJߣ෴ĹЧ
406Fiscal policy
һƻݰ1ƷͷĹת֧֧2˰յࡣ
407Fiscal cost ̶ɱ
̶ɱcostfixed
408Fixed exchange rate ̶
ʣforeign exchangs rate
409Flexible exchange rates Ի
һֹʻƶȡڸƶ£Ҫг趨άijضĻʡʱҲ""floating
exchange ratesгӸԤʱƶȳΪĸơ
410Floating exchange rates
Իƣflexible exchange rates
411Flow vs. stock
ָʱȻԻһʱۻ䶯ñͨһӶεˮָijһʱijһֵͬʢˮ˴ÿһԪһ199812Ϊֹij˵IJƸһ
412Foreign exchange
ԳǷծͨƱݣ
413Foreign exchange market г
ͬҵͨнг
414Foreign exchange rate
һͨͨĽʻԻ۸磬1Ԫ19¹ˣô˵Ļʾ19һͨסijһˮƽʱһʣƸùʵеǹ̶ƣfixed
exchange rateгĻʳΪԻƣflexible exchange rateso
415Fourfirm concentration rate ҵж
жȣconcentration ratio
416Fractionalreserve banking
ƶ ִϵһֹʽҪйؽڻյĴһдֽ𣩵ʽ
417Free goods Ʒ
ھƷ economic
goodsƷˮǴȫ磬мˣЩƷг۸Ϊ㡣
418Free trade ó
ù˰ʽԤóߡ
419Frictional unemployment ĥʧҵ
ɸг仯ʱʧҵ磬ĹҪʱȽϺѡͬĹоĹҲ軨ʱйתĥʧҵбʧҵcyclical
unemploymentڹʺͼ۸ճԵ£ˮƽĵ¶ɵġ
420Full employment ־ҵ
һжغʷڣԸʧҵµľҵˮƽ죬ѧͿɳʧҵʣlowest
sustainable rate of unemployment LSURݸԳڳߵľҵˮƽ
421Gains from trade ó
Ըóӵĸܶʣʣ֮͡
422Galloping inflation ͨ
ͨͣinflation
423Game theory
ٴڲͻķڰչּۻ۵Լսȳͻ֮⣬ڹͷ¢гķ
424Generalequilibrium analysis һ
״̬ķʱеƷͷгͬʱھ⡣Ӧľֲpartial-equilibrium
analysisогľ⡣
425GDP deflator GDPָ
GDP"۸"ü۸ָںGDPɲڻƽ۸
426GDP gap GDPȱ
DZGDPʵGDPIJȱڡ
427GNP ֵ
ֵgloss national product
428Gold standard ȫλ
ָһƶȣһ1ҵλһĻƽȼۣ2лƽļ۸ƽ𣻣3ԻƽĽڲκơ
429Government debt ծ
ծȯͶڽʽڵծܶУеծȯ⣬ծһɹڳС
430Goverment expenditure multiplier ֧
ɹ֧ÿһԪGDP
431Graduated income tax ۽˰
˰income tax personal
432Gresham`s Law
˹•ʿSir Thomas
GreshamӢɯŮһĹʣ״1558귢"ӱ"һΪڶԻҹijһֻʱǻὫ""good
moneyѲͼ"ӱ"bad moneyתøˡ
433Gross domestic product nominalor nominal GDP
ֵ(GDP
ǰг۸һһȫղļֵ
434Gross domestic productreal ʵʹֵʵGDP
ͨزԿ۳GDPҲʵGDPһGDPGDPָ
435Gross national product nominal ֵGNP
ݵǰг۸һҪȫղƷͷļֵ
436Gross national product real ʵʹֵʵGNP
ǵͨزԿ۳GNPҲʵGNPһGNPGNPָ
437Growth accounting
ƲͬҪضԾĹ׳̶ȵķۣ㽫ԴȪֽΪͶءʱ֪ʶء
438Hedging ڱֵ
Գ彻رܷյͶʼ磬ijũֵС＾ջũڴļгСӶ۸ķաԻʵڱֵ
439High-powered money ܻ
ңmonetary base
440Horizontal equity vsvertical equity ƽƽ
ƽָǣԾƵ˸ƽȻƽĴǿǻͬӦõͬĴƽָǣԾͬӦƽȵĴ
441Horizontal integration
ϣintegration vertical vs horizontal
442Horizontal merger 澮
沢merger
443Human capital ʱ
һͶֵļ֪ʶͼܵĴԴʽְѵȷͶʡ
444Hyperinflation ͨ
ͨͣinflation
445Imperfect competition ȫ
ȫcompetitionimperfect
446Imperfect competitor ȫ
Ӱгļ۸ˮƽij̡
447Implicitcost elements ԳɱҪ
ȻԻҳɱ explicit money
costsȴӦԴԻҳɱԺijɱС̵ͶɱԳɱʱ"ɱ"opportunity
costߺ㡣
448Imports
ڣexports
449Inappropriability ɷֲ
ɷֲinappropriable
450Inappropriable ɷֲ
ʹóɱΪ㣬˳ɱܳɱԴЩԴǾⲿԡˣĽǶȿгøԴǷЧʵġ
• 451Incidenceor tax incidence ޣ˰
һ˰յľøߣӦڷ˰ˣ磬˰̽ɣʵϸ˰пתϡ˰չ˵ȡڹļ۸ԡ
452Income ˻һʱڣͨΪһ꣩ĹʡϢʵ
453Income effectof a price change ۸䶯ģЧӦ
Ʒ۸䶯ʵ˱䶯ᵼ¶ԸƷı䶯۸䶯ЧӦǼ۸䶯ЧӦsubstitution
effectһֲ䡣
454Income elasticity of demand 뵯
κθƷܸƷ۸Ӱ죬ܹ˵Ӱ졣뵯ںƷ˵г̶ȡ侫ȷǣ䶯İٷֱȳ˱䶯İٷֱȡ۲μļ۸ԣprice
elasticity of demand]
455Income statement
˾һֱijʱڣͨΪһ꣩˻棬Ʒĺijɱɱʣ룩ֳprofit-and-loss
statement
456Income tax negative ˰
˰egative income tax
457Income tax personal ˰
Ը˰ʡн𣬻𡢺Ϣʲ롣˰ȡ۽ƣgraduatedߵƽ˰Ҫڵߡ
458Income velocity of money ҵת
תʣvelocity of money
459Incomes policy
ֱּƹʺͼ۸䶯Լͨ͵ߡʽԸһ۸ָԹʡнͼ۸ֱӽзɿƣȵȡ
460Increasing returns to scale Ĺģ
ģ꣨returns to scale
461Independent goods Ʒ
Ʒȷ˵ͬʱƷAļ۸仯ƷBûӰ죬ABǶƷ
462Indexingor indexation ָ
һֻƣʡ۸ͺͬһˮƽ䶯еIJֵĻȫĵԵ۸ˮƽģֻȫ䶯Ӱ졣
463Indifference curve
ֱʾͬƷƽڵһߡÿһ㣨ʾƷIJͬϣΪߴȫͬЧ̶ȡ
464indifference map ͼ
ijһߵͼΡͨԭϷԭԽԶģ̶ȻˮƽԽߡ
465Indirect taxes ˰
ֱ˰direct taxes
466Induced variables ±
±external vs induced variables
467Industry ҵ
ƵĻͬIJƷһϵҵ
468Inertial rate of inflation ͨ
һֳ̡ͨԤͨͻȥҵǰͨĺͬγɵԤ֮еʱͨ;ͻᷢ
469Infant industry ɲҵ
ڶóУָδӵʵֹģľרҵIJҵҪɹͬͬƷijҵྺ־רҵDZġɲҵ䷢չУͨΪҪ˰ıo
470Inferior goods ͵ƷӵƷ
˵½Ʒ
471Inflationor inflation rate ͨͣͨʣ
ָͨһˮƽٷֱȡͨͣhyperinflationָͨʼߵ磬ÿٷ֮һǧٷ֮һٷ֮ʮڣͨͣgalloping
inflationָÿٷ֮ʮһٻٵº͵ͨͣmoderate
inflationָŤԼ۸˵ǡ
472Inflation targeting ͨĿ
һͨ͵ߣٷȷͨ͵ĿꡢͨʲķΧȷʾߵҪĿǵȵͨ͡ҵǿӲͨĿߡ
473Innovation
һԼɪ•ܱأJoseph
Schumpeterйϵܱظֺ壺1гһȫµġԲͬIJƷ2һµߣ3һг۲μinvention
474Inputs Ͷ
ͶˣۻҪأfactors of productionָҵ̵Ʒ
475Insurance
һֻƣͨշɢڶϵķʽԵķաֲܵľʧ
476Integrationvertical vshorizontal Ϻͺ
ɣʯӹɸֶֶӹɸְ塢ְټӹ塣̵ָĽνڵҵУ磬ʯֶָͬһεIJͬλڵҵС
477Intellectual property rights ֪ʶȨ
רȨҵܡýϢΪҪݵƷķɡЩͨ跢еĿȨܲȨ
478Interest Ϣ
˴õ档
479Interest rate
һʱΪ֧ļ۸ͨÿռİٷֱʾϢÿ10һ1000ԪҪ֧100ԪϢ
480Intermediate goods мƷ
һЩӹ̣ûдﵽղƷεIJƷ磬ɴмƷ
481International monetary systemalso International financial
system ʻƶȣʽϵ
Խ֧ƶȡǰŻξӰʵ⡣
482Intervention Ԥ
ΪӰ챾һʶгҵȻ
483Intrinsic valueof money ҵģڼֵ
ΪƷĻƷֵ磬ͭͭгֵ
484Invention
һ²ƷһĴԷ֡ע봴£innovationб
485Investment Ͷ
1һΪδǰѵľûͶʣ緿ݣͶʣͶͶʿ۳۾ɺļֵͶûп۳۾ɵͶʡ2ڽУͶʵĺȫָͬǶڹƱծȯ֤ȯĹ
486Investment demandor investment demand curve ͶͶߣ
ӳͶˮƽͬʱɱ˵ʵʣ֮ĶӦϵͼ
487Invisible hand
ǵ•˹1776ĸʾɷεгڵһۡΪÿ˽ĹУгϵвߴ棬ͺһֻƵĿָ֣ù̡
488Involuntarily unemployed Ըʧҵ
ʧҵunemployment
489Iron law of wages
˹˼ľ֮һΪʱдŹʱѹάˮƽһɱơ
490Isoquant Ȳ
Ȳߣequal product curve
491Keynesian economics ˹ѧ
Լ•÷ɵ•˹һۡΪʱϵԶ־ҵľ⡣ݿ˹Ĺ۵㣬òܹҽηdz־ҵľ⡣
492Keynesian school ˹ѧ
˹徭ѧ(Keynesian economics)
493Labor force Ͷ
ٷͳУ1616ϵʧҵҵ˿Ⱥ塣
494Laborforce participstion rate Ͷ
ͶΧ˿ռ16꼰16ϵȫ˿ڵıʡ
495Labor productivity Ͷ
ʣproductivity
496Labor supply Ͷ
һÿɹʹõĹ˵һ˵ͶСʱͶҪ˿ڡʵʹʺᴫͳ
497Labor theory of value Ͷֵ
뿨•˼ϵһѧ˵ΪÿƷֵΨһӦҪͶ
498Laissezfaire"leave us along" ɷ
""
һֹ۵㣬ΪӦٵظԤûгȥߡǵ•˹ܵȹŵ侭ѧҵıһ۵ȷΪӦΧlɺά֣23ṩ˽ҵԸṩijЩƷ繫ͻ
499Land
ŵ¹ŵ侭ѧֻҪصһ֣ΪͶʱһ˵زũҵҵȷõأһӵϺ͵ȡõȻԴ
500Leastcost ruleof production ģͳɱ
ָһַÿһͶҪصıƷڸͶҪصļ۸ıʶȵʱijһˮƽijɱʹﵽС
• 501Legal tender 峥
շɹ涨ڽծ峥ʱ뱻ܵĻҡеӲҺͨǷ峥֧Ʊǡ
502Less developed countryLDC Ƿ
˾Զ""ָͨŷĴֹңĹҡ
503Liabilities ծ
ѧУָҵ˵Ƿdebtծfinancial obligation
504Libertarianism ɷ
һھúǿҪѧʱҲ""liberalismɷߣڵǵ•˹ܣ•ղķʿ•ϣΪӦܹʵǵԸӦڱ֤ͬСṩķΧڣȵΪṩɡ
505Limited Liability
߶ҵʧӦεơʧڸΪҵṩʱķΧڡǴ˾ҪءϻƺҵƵһȴҪծΡ
506Long run
ʾһʱʱУйصı仯ֵĵ۾ѧУʾһʱ䣺ҵԽ˻˳ijһҵʱԱ仯ں۾ѧУָһʱ䣺еļ۸ʺͬ˰ԼԤڶֵܹĵ
507Longrun aggregate supply schedule ܹ
ӳм۸ʽеԺIJ۸ˮƽ֮ĹϵڴˣܹǴֱġ
508Lorenz curve ״
һʾ˻Ƹƽȵij̶ȵļͼΡ
509Lowest sustainable rate of unemploymentor LSUR Ϳɳʧҵ
ָһʧҵˮƽڸˮƽϣ¹ͼ۸͵ѹ͵¹½ͼ۸ѹߣں״̬ͨͼȲҲ½LSURڳڲͨѹܻõʧҵʡҲһʧҵʣڸʧҵˮƽϣڵķ˹ߣPhillips
curveǴֱġ
510Lumpoflabor fallacy Ͷϳ
һִ۵㣬ΪҪĹǹ̶ġ֮ԴԭڣͶгͨʵı仯ijԵӶӦͶı仯
511M1 M2
μҹӦ(money supply
512Macroeconomics ۾ѧ
ԾΪķҪо롢۸ˮƽóסʧҵ徭ñμ۾ѧmicroeconomics
513Malthusian theory of population growth ˹˿
˹״һּ裺Ϊ˿"Ȼ"ʳƷˣʱƣ˾ʳƷ½Ӷ˻һϰһ˵ֹ۵Ϊ˿ڵˮƽߣ˿ڸ
514Managed exchange rate
еһֻơУһʱزȡһЩԤʩȶңûй̶Ļٷƽۡ
515Marginal cost ʳɱ
μɱʣcostmarginal
516Marginal principle ԭ
һǻıʳɱڱʱǾʵԼ
517Marginal ProductMP ʲƷ
Ͷ벻ʱһλͶõĶIJʱʲƷMarginal physical product
518Marginal product theory of distribution ıʲƷ
Լ•B•һۡݸۣÿһͶʲƷӦıꡣ
519Marginal propensity of consume MPC
֧һԪʱѵע⣬ƽaverage propensity to
consume֧ͬ˵ıʡ
520Marginal propensity to importMPm ʽ
ں۾ѧУGDPÿһԪʹýӵԪ
521Marginal propensity to saveMPS ʴ
ӵһԪ֧ڴIJ֡ע⣬ݶ壬 MPC MPS 1
522Margina revenueMR
ҵ۶һλƷܵõȫ£ڼ۸ڲȫ£ڼ۸ԭǣΪӵһλƷڴ˵λǰ۵IJƷļ۸͡
523Marginal revenue productof an input MRP һͶģƷ
ڱԱʲƷһλͶ˽۲Ʒõһˣô˾DZƷ
524Marginal tax rate ˰
˰ԣ˵һԪ˰յİٷֱȡ۽˰У˰ʸƽ˰ʡ
525Marginal utilityMU Ч
ڼٶƷֲ£ѶһλƷʱӵĻ㡣
526Market г
ߺԾƷ۸ͽһְšЩгƱггʵڵĿռ䳡һЩгɵ绰ġڣһгڻչġ
527Market economy г
־У"ʲôκΪ˭"йԴõ⣬ҪͨгĹг־֯ʽУҵԸԭϡ۲ƷӵҪˣгоƷҵĹ;ãͬƷļ۸
528Market equilibrium г
ͬھ Competitive equilibrium
529Market failure г
ָ۸ϵIJ걸ԣ谭ԴЧáҪΪⲿԺͲȫ
530Market power гȨ
һһҵijһҵ۸ߵĿƳ̶ȡ¢£ҵи߶ȵгȨȫҵеҵûгȨʹõ㷺гȨĺ
531Market share гݶ
һһҵڸҵռı
532Markup pricing ӳɶ
ҵڲȫõĶ۷һ۷ȹƽɱȻڳɱټһ̶İٷֱȣҪȡļ۸
533Marxism ˼
ɿ•˼19һϵᡢμѧ˵Ϊۣ˼ԤԣʱìܣرṤ˽ʱƶƱط˼ȷţʱƶ£˱زѹȵ""öΪһֱ½ֻάͶˮƽ
534Mean ֵ
ͳѧ"ƽ"averageͬ磺 l3610205ֵľֵ8
535Median λ
ͳѧָһɵ͵лּǸǡôм֣˺ͿֵУ磬13610205ֵλ6
536Mercantilism
һѧ˵ǿֹ֧ӯԻۻƽҪԡɴᳫܿƾߣΪɷε߿ܻᵼ»ƽʧ
537Merchandise trade balance Ʒó
μótrade balance
538Merger 沢
һ˾չһ˾ΪͨһҵչһҵƱʽҪʽ1沢ҵ̵IJͬεʱֶ2沢ҵͬһге£̣3ϼ沢ҵûйгиԾӪijϣЬҵҵ
539Microeconomics ۾ѧ
ԾиΪķоijƷļ۸ҵΪμ۾ѧmacroeconomlcs
540Minimum cost ͳɱ
μɱͣcostminimum
541Mixed economy Ͼ
ǹо֯ҪʽϾҪ侭֯еļ۸ϵͬʱҲöʽԤ˰ա֧ƣӦ۾õIJȶг
542Model ģ
һʽķܣͨؼԱĹϵʾһϵͳĻģͿɲȡͼΡѧͼȶʽ
543Moderate inflation º͵ͨ
ͨͣinflation
544Momentary run ˲
dz̵һʱ䣬ʱǹ̶ġ
545Monetarism
һѧɣΪҹӦı仯Ǻ۾òҪԭͶ˵ΪҹӦ䶯Ǿʵʲͼ۸ˮƽ䶯Ҫءͳ˵Ϊ۸ҹӦɱ˶߾϶õĺ۾DZֻҹӦȶߡ
546Monetary base һ
ɹڳеľԸծһͨʱƸܻңhghpowered money
547Monetary economy Ҿ
һ־ãóһܱͬܵĽýС
548Monetary policy
ʵʩƻҡʡŴĿֶΡߵҪ߰гҵʺʡ
549Monetary rule ҹ
ҹǻ徭ѧҪĽõĻǽҹӦʹ̶һˮƽϣ۾þӦάֲ䡣
550Monetary transmission mechanism Ҵ
ں۾ѧУҹӦ䶯תΪҵ۸ͨ͵ı䶯;
• 551Monetary union
ɹҲͬһͨûΪƵλͽýһƶȰšŷ˼ƻ1999ŷԪΪͨûҡ
552Money
ֶ֧λý顣ڻҵĹɣμҹӦmoney supply
553Money demand schedule
ֵǻҳˮƽ֮ĶӦϵʱծȯм֤ȯҵή͡demand
for money
554Money funds ʽ
ԺǿĶڽڹߵļƣDz̶ġҪʽгҵлгڴʻ
555Money market г
ָһ״ŴߣȯҵƱݣƶȰš
556Money supply ҹӦ
ĻҹӦM1ҡֽҡеĻڴ֧ƱΪһҡĻҹӦM2M1ĿټijЩʲңnearmonies索гĿ
557Moneysupply effect ҹЧӦ
ҹӦʱ۸ӦĻҽ֧½֮Ĺϵ
558Moneysupply multiplier ҹ
ҹıʡһ˵ҹڷʵĵ磬0125ôҹ8
559Moneyvelocity of ת
תʣvelocity of money
560Monopolistic competition ¢Ͼ
һгṹߣṩIJƷӽȫгϣÿһ̶Ʒļ۸ʩһӰ졣
561Monopoly ¢
һгṹУijƷɵһҳṩȻ¢ϣnatural monopoly
562Monopsony ¢
¢ϵľֻһߵгһ""¢ϡ
563Moral hazard Σ
гһʽijͶյıջƵĴڣʹ÷¹ʷĿӡ磬һͶʧյijܻϱôġΪյĴڽ˶Էļ
564MPC
565MPS
ʴ
566Multiplier
۾ѧһָÿλ֧дı仯±ı䶯GDPҹӦ֧expenditure
multiplierָ֧Ͷʣ1ԪGDP
567Multiplier model ģ
ں۾ѧJ•M•˹һۡǿ֧autonomous
expendituresرͶʡ֧;ڣı仯ھ;ҵ仯еҪá
568Nash equilibrium ʲ
е˵һԡ˵IJԼȶʱûκһ˻ܸ֧Ҳ˵AIJԣBøãBIJԣAҲøáʲʱҲΪǺ⣨
noncooperative equilibrium
569National debt ծ
ծgovernment debtͬ塣
570National income and product accounting NIPA ʻ
һһлһе֧Ͳʻ
571National savings rate
ȫ˽˴Թھֵ
572Natural monopoly Ȼ¢
һ̻һҵIJƷƽɱģж½ط䡣ֳϣҵһ̡һ¢ϳӪͻȶҵܸЧʵṩȫ
573Near money ""
һֽʲûзգdzתɻңǽӽڻʵϾ͵ǻҡһȯ
574Negative income tax ˰
һͳһķִַ֧縣ʳƷȯȵȣļƻһƻ£ƶͥõһ벹ǵıӣõIJӦؼ١
575Neoclassical model of growth ¹ŵģ
һҵҾóƵۻģ͡һģǿʱʱһͶʵͼһڽDZʵGDPеҪá
576Net domestic productNDP ھ
GDPȥʱƷ۾ɲ
577Net economic wefareNEW ø
һֹڹָ꣬GDPָɾԡ
578Net exports
ʻеһƷͷijڼȥƷͷĽڡ
579Net foreign investment Ͷ
һĹ⾻ֵԼھء
580Net investment Ͷ
ͶʼȥʱƷ۾ɡ
581Net national product NNPֵ
GNPȥʱƷ۾ɡ
582Net worth ֵ
ѧʲȥܸծ
583New classical macroeconomics ¹ŵ۾ѧ
־Ϊl۸ģ2ǵԤѭԤڼ˵¹ŵ۾ѧҪЧԶԤڼ˵rational
expectation bypothesisЧۣpolicy ineffectiveness theory
584NNP
ֵ
585Nominal GDP ֵ
ֵgoss domestic productnominal
586Nominal GNP ֵ
ֵgross national productnominal)
587Nomlnalor money interest rate 壨ң
ǶԸʲ֧ʴÿһԪͶÿԪ档ʵʴÿһλʵͶʵﱨꡣ
588Noncooperative equilibrium Ǻ
ʲ⣨Nash equilibrium
589Nonrenewable resources ɸԴ
ָЩ̶ٶȴﲻ÷չҪȻԴʯͺȻ
590Normative vs positive economics 淶ѧʵ֤ѧ
淶ѧ"Ӧ"what ought to
be繫ֵжϣĿ֮⡣ʵ֤ѧǹھʵΪķ"ʵthe way
things are֮⡣
591Not in the labor force Ͷ
ָвҲҹDzˡ
592NOWNegotiable order of withdrawalaccount ת֧ڴʻ
һϢ֧Ʊʻμ֧Ʊʻchecking accounting
593Okun's law ¿Ϸ
ɰ¿ϷֵڲеGDPʧҵ֮ľϵһָʵGDPDZGDP½2ʱʧҵԼ
1Ƶı 31
594Oligopoly ͷ
ȫһ֡УһҵΪ֧䡣
595Open economy ž
һ־ϵҽƷʱĹóպͳ˶һվãclosed
economyûнڵľá
596Openeconomy multiplier žó
һžУ©˼ҲڡˣͶʻ֧ĿžóʽžóʽMPS-ʴMPm-ʽ
597Openmarket operations гҵ
ΪӰ𡢻ҹʣеծȯĻ֤ȯʱ֧ȥĻңҵе𣬴Ӷ»ҹ֤ȯʱҹͱ
598Opportunity cost ɱ
ƷĴţnext-bestʹãᣩֵԻĿɹѡ;ļֵ˵һúͶ룬ɹѡʹ10ʽСôһúĻɱ10ʽСЩСܱʵȴûɱ۷гƷ绷Ͱȫʮá
599Ordinal utility Ч
õһޱȣdimensionlessЧúЧÿԱABиƫAܱƫö١ҲκƷԲЧãбȵЧãͬЧʱڷΪЧõһǣ˵ij100ʱ50ʱ
600Other things constant ز
һʱдΪ"ceteris
paribusʾ۲Ǹط仯ɻ̶䡣磬һб߱ʾأ룩ֲ£ż۸½
• 601Outputs
ѻһӹĸõƷͷ
602Paradox of thrift Լ
һԼ•÷ɵ•˹ԭһ䴢ͼܵʵʴļ١
603Paradox of value ֵ
һۣƷˮ"г"ֵܵͣݳƷʯ"ʹ"ֵСг۸ܸߡһʵͣ۸ӳһƷЧãǷӳıЧá
604Pareto efficiency(or Pareto optimality Ч(ţ
Чʣallocative effciency
605Partialequilibrium analysis ֲ
һַijЩز䣨仯ǰ£ֱԵгӰ졣
606Partnership ϻ
˻˹ͬӪķǹ˾ʽҵ˾ֻеΡ
607Patent ר
һָ跢ߵȨһʱڣΪ20꣩䷢ʹȨרʱ¢ϣΪԷij걨֪ʶȨһרǴٽ˻СҵзһֶΡ
608Payoff table ֧
У˻˵IJԺ֧ľͬ˵Чþ֧
609Payoffs ֧ ֧payoff table)
610Perfect competition ȫ
μȫcompetition perfect)
611Personal income
˰յֿǰһָ꣬ȷе˵ڿ֧Ͼ˰ա
612Personal saving ˴
ûбѵIJ֣֮Ǹ˿֧֮IJ
613Personal savings rate ˴
ٷֱʽʾĸ˴˿֧ıʡ
614Phillips curve ˹
A•W•˹һּͼΣʾʧҵͨ͵ϵִ۾ѧУб""ķ˹һֻڶгڳУͨΪ˹ǴֱģҶӦͿɳʧҵˮƽ
615Policy ineffectiveness theorem ЧԶ
һΪԤڡ۸£ԤڵһʵϲӰʵʲʧҵ
616Portfolio theory Ͷ
һ־ͶۣͶνԼʱڲͬĽʲ--Ҳ˵ʱ""һѴ״̬
617Positive economics ʵ֤ѧ
μ淶ѧʵ֤ѧnormative vs. positive economics
618Post hoc fallacy
"post hoeergo propter
hoc"Ϊ֮Ϊ""ΪABAB"ôͻᷢ
619Potential GDP DZGDP
߾ҵGDPȷ˵ڼȶļ״˿ڹģ¿ԴﵽҲ¼ͨ͵ˮƽGDPֽһΪǸͿɳʧҵӦIJˮƽĵȼ
620Potential output DZڲ
DZGDPpotential GDPͬ塣
621Poverty ƶ
죬"ƶ"Ϊάˮƽ
622PPF
Ա߽磨productionpossibility frontier
623Present valueof an asset ʲģֵ
һʱܴһϵʲĵǰֵһϵеҪÿһ֡ʣҲһʣδ㡣
624Price-elastic demand м۸Ե(еԵ
۸Եľֵ1ʱ仯İٷֱȴڼ۸仯İٷֱȡ⣬еԵζţ۸½ʱӵ÷dz֮棨۸*μǼ۸Ե
625Priceelasticity of demand ļ۸
ʾԼ۸䶯Ӧ̶ȵָꡣϵļ۸ϵ=Ep䶯ٷֱȳԼ۸䶯İٷֱȡٷֱʱȡƽĸȡϼ۸ƽƸšμм۸ԵǼ۸Ե͵λԵ
626Price elasticity of supply ļ۸
ڸļ۸ƣֻǹԼ۸䶯ķӦȷ˵ļ۸ǹ仯İٷֱȳԼ۸䶯İٷֱȡȫΪá
627Price flexibility ۸
""гϣԭƷƱгļ۸ΪЩϣ۸Թı䶯Ӧչ۸
628Price index ۸ָ
ʾڸʱһƷƽ۸α仯һָڼƽʱͬƷļ۸һҪ侭ҪȨڼ۸ָʱȨݾÿƷ֧ռķݶ
629Priceinelastic demand ۸ԵԵ
۸ԾֵС1£۸½ʱ½۸ʱ۸Եһȫ۸Եζŵ۸½ʱȫûб仯μм۸Ե͵λԵ
630Private goods ˽Ʒ
Ʒpublic goods
631Producer price index ۸ָ
۵Ʒ֡СԼʯͣļ۸ָ
632Product average ƽƷ
ƽƷaverage product
633Product differentiation Ʒ
Ʒ֮ŵʹDzڳΪȫƷء磬λòʹڲͬص۵ͬͺŵͳΪȫƷвƷҵԵбߣȫµˮƽߡ
634Productmarginal ʲƷ
ʲƷMarginal product
635Production function
ڼˮƽȶȷijһҪͶܴĹϵʽѧijҵΪ徭á
636Productionpossibility frontierPPF) Ա߽
һּͼΣʾһƷĸϡͨѡƷںͻ͡PPFⲿĵ㣨ϲIJƷϲܵõPPFڲĵȱЧʣΪԴûеõáΪԴʹòõѾʱ
637Productivity
ʾͶʵܲͶͶͶʣͬͶ˸IJʾˡͶʵڼͶܵĸƺʱ
638Productivity growth
һʱڵһʱʡ磬Ͷָ1990Ϊ1001991Ϊ10171990굽1991Ϊÿ17%
639Productivity of capital net ʱ
μʣrate of return
640Productivity slowdown ʼ
Լ1973ңͶļ绬¡
641Profit
lڻѧУָƷ˼ȥȷijɱμ2ھУָЩƷԴȫɱ֮IJ
642Profitandloss statement
μ
643Progressive proportional and regressive taxes ۽˰˰˰
۽˰Ը˰أ˰෴ȷ˵һ˰Ըߵƽ˰ʣ˰ճˣϸߣ۽˰Խߵƽ˰Խͣ˰Ըˮƽƽ˰ʶͬDZ˰
644Property rights Ȩ
ȨΪ˻ҵгռСʹʱƷƲ
645Proportional tax ˰
μ۽˰˰˰
646Proprietorship individual ҵҵ
˽вӪҵ
647Protectionism
һõĿڱڲҵֹƷĸߣͨǶԽչ˰ʵ
648Public choice ѡ
ҲΪѡۣpublicchoice
theoryоѡָõķʽľѧѧĽϲһвͬг֮ǿμҵ"ѡƱ"Ϊأҵ""γɶԱȡ
649Public debt ծ
ծgovernment debt
650Public good Ʒ
ָһƷЧòɷָӰڣκθǷԸѡ磬һ컨ıʩ˶˱ãֻЩǮˡ˽ƷһѣͲܱѡ
• 651Pure economic rent
renteconomic
652Quantity demanded
仯change in demand仯change in quantity demanded
653Quantity equation of exchange
һרҵMV=PQʽMǻҹVǻҵתʣPQ۸ܲGDPĻҼֵһԶΪVΪPQM
654Quantity supplied
仯仯
655Quantity theory of money
۸ҹͬ䶯ʱڲܼ۸ˮƽۡɻһָΪȷΪҹGDP䶯Ҫľأ壩
656Quota
ڱһ־ʽʽУijƷǻһʱеܽơ
657Randomwalk theoryof stock market prices м۸ģ
Чгۣefficientmarket theory
658Rate of inflation ͨ ͨͣinflation
659Rate of returnor returnon capital ʱʣʱ棩
һͶʻһʱƷϵ棨yield磬һķ100ԪͶÿ12Ԫ棬ôͶʵʾÿ12
660Rationalexpectations hypothgsis Ԥڼ˵
һ˵ΪǿԶδƫƣпõϢ;ЩƺԤġ
661Rationalexpectations macroeconomics Ԥں۾ѧ
•¬˹•˹•Ϊ쵼һѧɣΪгܹٵسԤԵġЩһЩ£Ԥĺ۾߶ʵʲʧҵûӰ졣ʱ¹ŵ۾ѧnew
classical macroeconomlcs
662Real-business-cycle theory ʵҵ
Ϊҵڴܹı䶯ҪɼŶɣһء
663Real GDP ʵGDP
ʵʵĹֵܲgross domestic product real
664Real interest rate ʵ
ƷԻҺʡڻң壩ʼȥͨʡ
665Real wages ʵʹ
ƷĹ˹ʵĹԻҹָı
666Recession ˥
ʵGDPлʱ½μdepression
667Regressive tax ˰
μ۽˰˰˰progressiveproportionaland regressive taxes
668Regulation
ҵΪķɺ涨Ҫоùƣeconomic
regulationӰ۸г롢ҵķ绰ҵƣsocial
regulationͼӰ쵽ҵⲿԣˮԴȾ
669Renewable resources ɸԴ
ܹԵṩȻԴңʶȣʹãũҵõأ
670Rent economicor pure economic rent
һڴصõˡصܹǹ̶ģԴߵıǵ⡣һƹ㵽ֹҪصı꣬κξȫԻֱĹߵͶ롣
671Required reserves
reservesbank
672Reservesbank
ԿֽʽϢʽһִҪг֧Ʊʻ12
673Reservesinternational ʴ
ÿһҶԻƽͨرȨʽһ𡣹ʴΪ"ʻ"һ֧ѵʱһĻɸֻҪȵ
674Resource allocation Դ
ԴҪأڸDZ;Ͻз䣬һضղƷľ÷ʽ
675Returns to scale ģ
Ͷ˳ɱʱʡ磬Ͷ1Ҳǡõ1˵һֵ̳ǹ̶Ĺģ棨constant
returns to scaleͶ 1ȴ
100%ֵ̳ľǵݼĹģ棨decreasing returns to scale
1ϣô̾;еĹģ棨increasing returns to scale
676Revaluation ֵ
һͨĹٷʵߣҽֵdevaluation
677Risk
ڽھѧУָͶIJȷԡ
678Risk averse չ
ԲȷʱһΪʧһIJ죬ڻͬһ죬ôǷչܵġ
679Risk spreading շ̯
еķղЩշɢȥḶ́ĿʹЩķձһ˳еСաշɢҪʽDZգinsuranceǶIJһֶ档
680Rule of 70 70
ƸĽݾһÿrٶԼڵ70rʱ
681Sales tax ˰
Ȩ˰˰excise tax vs sales tax
682Savings function
ʾÿһˮƽӦĴĺϵͼ
683Says law of markets г
"ᴴԼsupply creates its own
demandۡJ•B•1803ΪܵĹǡõ˺ܲDzܵġ˹ָӵ1Ԫ벢ȻȫȻΪ1
684Scarcity ϡȱ
ϡȱǾƷ֮һƷϡȱԲζϡٵģָѵõҪõһƷԼƷԽ
685Scarcitylaw of ϡȱ
ҪĶֻܵõĹӦ[Ʒfree
goodsݵԭƷһϡȱģͨ۸ʽij̶ֳȵ
686Securities ֤ȯ
ʾָʲƱծȯȨƱݵȣȷе˵ȷЩʲȨļ
687Short run
еҪضֵһʱ䡣۾ѧУʱ"̶"ҪضвҲɵġں۾ѧУ۸ʺͬ˰ʺԤڵȣڶҲֵĵ
688Shortrun aggregate supply schedule ܹ
ʾڲ۸ĹϵͼĶУı仯ӰһбĻˮƽܹ
689Shutdown priceor pointor rule ͣҵ۸ͣҵ㡢ͣҵԭ
ڳУг۸ǡǡֲƽɱɱĵͣҵ㡣ʱҵÿڵʧǡõĹ̶ɱͣҵŵĺһ
690Singletax movement һ˰˶
19ɺ•ηһ˶ΪھòϽ£ƶԳڵԭڣصϡȱʹĵߡ"һ˰"ּڶߵĵ˰
691Slope б
ͼϱĵλ仯Ӧϱı仯ббΪббΪߣˮƽߵбΪ㡣
692Social insurance ᱣ
ṩǿԱաԤΣѡг⣬ḣ
693Social overhead capital ̯ʱ
÷չĻͶʡرָˮͨͨŵȷͶʡʱ"ʩ"infrastructure
694Social regulation
ƣregulation
695Socialism
ΪͶеģеģ϶ӦΪУowned by
community)ۡʱķʱƽȡ
696Speculator Ͷ
ͶˣЩƷʲԺԽϸߣϵͣ۸лˡ
697Spillovers
ⲿԣexternalitiesͬ塣
698Stagflation
70һʣʧҵͣͣͨಢһҪ̵ͨͨĹԽ͡
699Statistical discrimination ͳ
ָԴ˵ķʽԸȺһΪΪͳӿͨͻȺĻԶʵ档
700Stockcommon ͨƱ
μͨƱcommon stock
• 701Stock market Ʊг
ͨƱ֯гĹƱгŦԼƱNew York Stock
Exchange˾ĹƱС
702Stock vsflow
flow vsStock
793Strategic interaction Ի
ͷгϵһУÿһҵľò侺ֵļƻƶġۣgame
theoryи˶ԲԻĽʽķ
704Structural budget ṹԤ
ʵԤ㡢ԤͽṹԤ㣨actualcyclicaland structural budget
705Structural unemployment ṹʧҵ
ȱĵֲ빤˵Ͳһ¶ʧҵйڣʧҵȴܲ߱ЩҪļܣйĵʧҵĵһ¡
706Subsidy
ṩijƷҵ֧磬֧ʳƷ֧ʽ˼ͥʳƷ
707Substitutes Ʒ
ྺƷָֿͲֿף෴ߵ⣬һ֡ϵƷǻƷcomplementŴЬҽŴЬ
708Substitution effectof a price change۸䶯ģЧӦ
ָһһƷԼ۸½ʱӶԸƷѣԸƷΪ""һƷԼ۸ʱٶԸƷѣƷ""۸䶯ЧӦбߡ۲μЧӦincome
effect
709Substitution rue ԭ
һҪؼ۸½Ҫؼ۸ʱôһԱ˵ҪҪأʹҵлһԭdzɱСԭleastcost
ruleۡ
710Supply curveor supply schedule ߣ
ٶ䣬ʾӦÿһ۸һгϵĹԸ۵Ʒͼ
711Supply Shock
ں۾ѧУܹشӰɱʵͻȻ䶯ΪĽʵGNPͼ۸ˮƽᷢԤϲı䶯
712Supplyside economics ѧɾѧ
ǿӰܹDZڲߴʩĹ۵㡣һΪͶʱĸ߱˰ʻήʹĻԡ
713Tariff ˰
һԽƷλյ˰
714Tax incidence ˰չ
ޣincidence
715Technological change
̵ĸı²Ʒ룬ʹͬһͶܵõĻIJߵơ
716Technological progress
technological change
717Terms of tradein international trade óеģó
һƷƷ"ʵ"ڳڼ۸ָռ۸ָıʡ
718Theory of income distribution
ڽһи˵˺ͲƸķ䷽ʽ
719Tightmoney policy Ի
ƻٻҹӦʵߡмʵGDPͨʣ߸ùʵáμԻߣeasy-money
policy)
720Time deposit ڴ
е"ȡ"ʽڹңM2УM1УΪDzΪֶ֧ʹá
721Token money Ż
лûڼֵĻҡ
722Total cost ܳɱ
μܳɱcosttotal
723Total factor Producitivity ȫҪ
λͶָܲꡣܲCDPĸʱͶԴļȨƽȫҪʵʳΪƼָꡣ
724Total productor output ܲƷܲ
ƷλСʽԸǶ֣Ǵ
725Total revenue
۸ij˻ۡ
726Trade balance or merchandise trade balance ó Ʒó
μóbalance of trade
727Trade barrier óױ
κһ谭صıʩ˰Եıݣǹ˰ݣNTBSø߰ĹԳ˴ͳĴʩ
728Transactions demand for money ҵĽ
demand for money
729Transaction money
ҹһֺͨM1ʵڽĿֽ֧Ʊʻɡ
730Transfer payments government ת֧
ġԵǰķر֧ᱣ֧ʧҵյȡ
731Treasury billsT-bills ڹȯ
еĶծȯ֤ȯ
732Undergroundeconomy ¾
δľû¾ðϷδ˰ջرĻ[ֳɻۣgarage
saleṩķݺͷǷ緷IJ
733Unemployed ʧҵ
δõѰҹȴطˡ
734Unemployment ʧҵ
1ھУԸʧҵinvoluntary
unemploymentָԸеĹˮƽ¹ĹҲ2ڹٷͶͳƾ֣У˵һʧҵģָaûйbڵȴ±ã4Ѱҹδ졣
735Unemploymentfrictional Ħʧҵ
Ħʧҵfrictional unemployment
736Unemployment rate ʧҵ
ʧҵͶռİٷֱȡ
737Unitelastic demand λ
м۸Եpriceelastic demandͷǼ۸Եprice-inelastic
demand֮һ۸ԵľֵǡõlҲļ۸ԣprice elasticity of
demand
738Unlimited liability
(limited liability
739Usury
ȡڷˮƽʵΪ
740Utilityalso total utility ЧãЧã
Ʒлõ㡣Чãmarginal utilityָһλƷõӵЧá
741Utility-possibility frontier ЧÿԱ߽
Ա߽Ӧʾһϵ飩ߵЧûļͼбԱʾABٷ佫AЧöBЧáЧÿϵĵãУЧʣallocativeor
Pareto
effciency]ЧԭʹijЩ˾ƣͬʱʹ˾仵İ취Dzڵġ
742Value added Ӽֵ
ƷļֵʹõIJϺijɱ֮IJһ1ԪУܰ06ԪСϵļֵʱ丽ֵΪ0.4ԪӼֵһҵһҵеĹʡϢʱɡ
743Value-added taxVAT ֵ˰
丽Ӽֵһٷֱȶҵ˰
744Valueparadox of ֵ ֵۣparadox of value
745Variable
һɶͿɺľѧҪı۸ʡʡƸļֵȵȡ
746Variable cost ɱɱ
μɱɱcostvariable
747Velocity of money ת
ִнýְʱߣٵµߣ˲ϽС"ת"ָ˶ٶȣspeedҵתʣincome
velocity of moneyΪGNPԻܹV=P*Q/M=GNP/MVertical
equityƽȼƽƽȣhorizontal equlty vs vertical equity
748Vertical integration
μϡϣintegrationvertical vs. horizontal
749Vertical merger 沢
沢merger
750Voluntary unemployment Ըʧҵ
˸еʵļֵڽʱãϾʱļֵʧҵ