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ڹȥ20УйתеIJױ֣һֱ⾭ѧΪ֮ԣΪ䱳Ҫ֧ӪҵDZܹעӪҵķչ֧йٶȺг̵ĻٶѧִѧĻԭȥ۲졢ӪҵijɳЧġй漣һЩѧΪйӪҵijɹսˡͳǻۡMontignolaQian and Weingast1993ΪѧķչµĹס
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֪йĸĸнԡθĸ뾭øĸͬԵص㡣йӪҵɳijʼЩʱSachs1989Ƶġըģʽиĸǰŷҵľóֳ˥ˣʯͷӡйȴ˳ǿͷѧҸȤǣƶľоѧҵҵѧӾΪƲصļٶLangeгһЩ֣̽ûеóʲôнļ˵ѧıģƺҲһʱԸŷĴ𰸡
ʵǿҷ˹ٸģStiglitz1994ϸйøĸ̺Ϊҵijɹȱѧǿ˽вȨϵǴͳ徭ƵڣͬʱгҲһʧǾǵ˼ҪԡڼٶϢȫ²³ArrowDebreuģһΪгۻ̩գLangeLernerTallorûжϢȫʵ㹻ӡϢȫ£ûлصίһ⡣ʱҪǸıԱļṹһڲıҵȨҲھƵҵԤԼKornai1998ĸı䣬ʹļṹ仯ʹ˽лҲʹҵЧʵõߡѾ۲쵽ģ˽лǰŷȣйڸ辭ԱߵԶ뱾2002ҵڵijɹƵĸĽΪṩļ磬ҵˮƽߣԱ治ӣ״õƣͬʱطҲԻҵĴ˰պã2000
ž뼤֮ϵ˼·ǿ1995ͨһڼ۵ķܣΪϵͳؽ˼Ʊ仯ҵЧʵӰ졣ӲȨ綨ԴЧõĹϵΪȨͨԴЧõijȴһDZҪܶ£ԴЧòȡڲȨȷ綨ΪгУΪļԴռвƲͻȡԲֻͨ˽вȨŻǿȼΪˣǿйаƵijɹ˽һ˵ȻУŬ̶ˮƽܽĴʩʹũں̶ܴϵõߣյũҵЧʵĸĽƺһ̶ϱȨǽйҵЧʵؼռƵڹҲͨѡǡļʹԴŻйҵֳЧʵҪԭƶȰ˼ȾѸ˵Ͷϵҵְӵиѡɵȵȡ
Ϊ˹ٸǿ˵۱ȽϳɹؽйҵijɳЧʱƣⲿ仯ʱѧҽ֣ҵľȨɵطҵתƣJefferson et al1994ǿͬʱǿģҵΪйضضµڴӼƻгת͵ڽΡžת͵룬гϵơȨҵʱҵľƿܻԽԽСпܾȨõȷ綨ҵǿ1995ȻƾԾǿѲܸҵı֡
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ܾƵڸӪҵļЧ֪Ӽƻгת챾һƶȱḲ̌Ϊһ̵ۻҵڲƶȰرDzȨöЧʵĸĽʮҪǰйضŷתľоڲȶ״̬£гDZڹȫӣǿγµŤййӪҵİƺ֧һ۵㡣ʲôŤɵЧʧʵʹѧʶȨرܵġGrossmanHartMooreչʣȨΪطṩһͬۻԴΪ㣬ѧǴӲͬӽ˵˴ףɴ˹йӪҵо
WeitzmanXu1994緢չһййҵڲȨŵģԽӪҵļЧģУҵ̻һֲȨģĺ֯ȻҵϹȫԱУȨʵС˽вȨȣȨģġȻйȴֳ˽ӪҵļЧSvejnar1990Pitt andPutterman1992Dong and Putterman1997WeitzmanXuΪҵijɫս˱ȨۡGrossmanHartMooreۣȨرʣȨöһҵ˵ǼΪҪģںԼ걸ṩ֯ڿܷijͻйľƺȨҪ֯ڳͻĿصģĻкIJͬ졣ͬȣйߺĻΧԶʶǿʹҵģȨһЧʡȻWeitzmanXuûؽĻõĻơǸߺйҵЧʣôͬĻҲȨͬģĹҵЧʵԵ¾Dzģǿ1995ȻҪйҵĶر˵ĽͣӦµı
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